Shock-absorber.



J. G. ROCK. SHOCK ABSORBER. APPLICATION FILED SEPT.

r Patented June 15, 1915.

JOHN enAw noex, or new noe'nnman, new YORK, assreu'on T VOLUTE srmue snoex ABSORBER; COMPANY, or mourn vnrmou, new YORK.

' snocx-ansomann.

To all ivhom it may concern."

Be it known that I, JOHN GnAw Been, a subject of, theKing of Norway, residmg at New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shock- Absorbers, of which the following is a specification. t

This invention has to do with shockabsorbers of that class particula-rlyadapted for use with motor vehicles, the object of the invention being to provide an improved shock absorber in which all the vertical stresses, whether up or down, will operate to compress the spring of the shock absorber thus avoiding the usual'and less desirable alternating compression and tension efiects. I

A further object of the invention is the provision of an improved shock absorber extremely efiicient in use, comparatively sim-' ple and inexpensive in construction, and in which the efficiency of the spring is ma- I terially increased-by the action of the lubrieating oil as well as by the action of the air within the structure, so that this improved shock absorber may be well considcred as partly pneumatic, partly hydraulic, and partly spring operated, so that the present improved shock absorber is, as

hereinbefore stated, highly efiicient by reason of the combined pneumatic, hydraulic and sprin action of the structure.

In the rawings accompanying and forming part of this specificationfFigure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of this improved shock absorberwith the spring omitted; Fig. 2is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken in line 22, Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is likewise absorber comprises apair of members 2 and 3 each having a pair of arms sliding rela tively to each other, each pair of said arms carrying means for attachment to a part of the vehicle. The member 2 comprises a I "si nification of Letters Patent. P t nt J1me 15 ,.1 15 Application filed September 16, 1914. Serial no. 862,084.

cylindrical ortion 4 forming as it were a piston cham er 5, and provided with extending concave-convex arms 6 and also provided externally thereof with threads 7 for the reception of a cylindrical housing or casing 8. Within the chamber 5 of the" member 2 for sliding movement therein is thememher 3', this comprising a disk 9 likewise having a pair of arms 10 of exteriorly convex form to conform to the concave formation of the arms 6 of the member 2. The arms 10 are provided at their upper ends with a transverse bolt 11 for attachment for instance to the under spring or axle spring of the vehicle, andthe member 2 is provided with a transverse bolt 12 for attachment to the body spring for instance of the vehicle, and this last bolt 12 slides within an elongated slot 13 in each arm 10 of the member 3, for which purpose it passes through a sliding block 14' located in each of said elongated slots 13 and having a laterally extending bushing. The upper ends of the arms 6 are cut out as at 14 so that a proper movement of the parts may be obtained without interference by reason of the head and nut of the bolt 11.. Carried by the disk 9, it being preferably threaded, thereinto, is a rod or bolt 15 and this rod carries a disk 16 at its upper end and a disk 17 at its lower end, the disk 16 being loosely mounted on the rod while the disk 17 is provided with a threaded hub 18. for engagement with the threaded end of the rod. The upper disk 16 is adapted to engage the cylindrical surface 19of the member 2 and thus form between such disk 16 and the disk 9 a pneumatic chamber 20, while 'the disk 17 which is of somewhat less diameter than the disk 16, fits within the end of the casing 8. Between the two disks 16 and 17 is located the a spring, which in the present form thereof is shown as a compression spring 21, which compression spring is of double pyramidal volute type preferably made of one piece of fiat spring stock, so that .vertical stresses either up or down will operate to compress the spring of this improved shock absorber.

Ihe casing 8 forms a grease or oil chamber and in practice the disk 17 will be provided with a series of valves 22 so formed and locatedtherein that when the disk 17 moves downward for instance, the oil in the cas-. ing 8 will pass between the edge of the disk,

and-the wall of the casing and the pressure on the valves will close them so that oil can only pass into the upper partof theoasing at avpredetermined rate, but when the disk moves upward the pressure of the oil will open the valves so that oil can pass not only between the edges of the disk and the wall of the casing but also through the valve seats into the lower part of the casing. In the present instance the valve seats are formed by threaded plugs 23, having an opening 24 therethrough, threaded into tapered holes 25 of the disk, and in these tapered holes is located a ball valve 26 supported by a spider 27.

From the foregoing itwill be seen that'by and efficient in practice.

In the' present instance the attaching means or bolts 11 and 12. are carried by relatively sliding spaced arms, as hereinbefor'e stated, one pair securedto what may be considered-as the piston chamber and the other pair secured to what may be considered as the piston working within said chamber, while the upper disk 16 is'in the form of a washer loosely mounted upon the rod 15 so as to make a tight sliding fitwithin the .oil containing casing '8 and against theunder surface 19 of the member 2. It will'also be observed that although the two-disks 16 and 17 are carried by the bolt'or rod 15 secured to the member 3, that nevertheless, owing to the factthat the disk 16 at certain times en gages the under surface .of the member 2, thespring cooperates with the member 2 aS well as with the member 3. The lower disk- 17 is adjustable so as to regulate the tension on the spring when this is desired. In practice, of course, the spring is normally under compression and this compression is increased by the relative vertical movements .of the parts, and that by the detachment of the housing or casing the entire internal mechanism'of the device may be readily inreversed. Moreover, the various details may spected. It will also be observed that this shock absorber while as shown is intendedto hang down in the manner illustrated in Fig. 1, could, by a rearrangement of the valves, be

be more or'less changed without departing from the spirit or scope of the improvement, and that the improvement, as stated, is comparatively inexpensive to make and is of easy application to a vehicle.

In practice it will be observed that the disk 16 normally maintains the air chamber 20 closed by reason of the spring 21 located between this disk16 and the disk 17. Consequently the shock is absorbed partially by the air within the chamber 20, being more tightly compressed by reason of the movement of the piston or ofthe chamber carrying the piston when these parts move relatively to each other, and such shock is also to a certain extent absorbed when the piston moves for instance in onedirection by the oil within the casing-8, which. cushions the disk 17 by reason of the fact that this oil is permitted to pass comparatively slowly between the casing 8 and the edge of the disk17. 'l hus the relative movements of the piston member 3 and the chamber carrying member 2 are-such that when the disk 17 and the curved end of the chamber a 8 are brought in closer engagement by the action of thevehicle the oil is compressedto 'a greater extent, absorbing the shock and causing it to pass, as stated, between the edge of the disk 17 and the casing 8 into the upper part of the chamber, it returning through the valves 22 when this compressive J action ceases.

Q I claim as my invention:

' 1. A. shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and means for attachment to one part of a vehicle, a piston carried by said member and reciprocating in 1 said chamber and also having means at the same end for attachment to another part of the vehicle, a casing carried by said member in line with said attaching means, and means connected with said piston and locatedun' said casing and operative in the casing against liquid slmultaneously with a pneumatic action effected by the reciprocation of the piston in the piston chamber.

. 2. A shock' absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and means for attachment 'to one part of a vehicle'fa piston carried by said member and reciprocating in said chamber andjalso having means at'the I same end for attachment to another part of the vehicle, a casing carried by said member in line with said attaching means, means connected with said piston and'located in said casing and operative in the casing against liquid simultaneously'with a pneu- .inatic action efi'ected by thereciprocation ofthe piston in the piston chamber,'and a 'spring within said casing and cooperating with said piston for obtaininga spring action. I V

3. A shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and means for at tachment to one part of a vehicle, a piston carried by said member and reciprocating in said chamber and also having means for attachment to another part of the vehicle, a casing carried by said member, means connected with said piston and located in said caslng and operative in the casing against liquid simultaneously with a pneumatic ac-.

tion effected by the reciprocation of the piston in the piston chamber, and a spring located in line with said last means and (50- operating with said piston.

l. A shock absorber comprising a member having means for attachment to one part of a vehicle, a piston carried by said member and also having means for attachment to another part of the vehicle, a casing carried by said member, means cooperating with said piston for obtaining a pneumatic action, means cooperating with said casing for obtaining a hydraulic action, and a spring located in line with and between said last two means.

A shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and means for attachment to one part of a vehicle, a piston carried by said member and reciprocating in said chamber and also having means for attachment to another part of the vehicle, a casing carried by said member, means connected with said piston and located in said casingand operative in the casing against liquid simultaneously with a pneumatic action effected by the reciprocation of the piston in the piston chamber, a: spring located in line with said last means and cooperating ivith said piston, said spring comprising a double acting volute pyramidal spring, and the organization being such that vertical stresses in either direction will compress said sprin 6. A shock absorbercomprising a member having a chamber and a casing, a member sliding within said chamber and having a rod projecting into said casing, a pair of disks carried by said rod one for closing the lower end of said chamber, and a spring between said disks. I

7. A shock absorber comprising a member having a chamber and a casing, a member sliding within said chamberland having a rod-projecting into said casing, a pair of disks carried by said rod one for closing the lower end of said chamber, and a double acting volute pyramidal spring between said disks whereby the vertical stresses in either direction will compress said spring.

8. A shock absorber comprising a member having a chamber and aicasing and spaced arms carrying vehicle attaching means, a member sliding within said chamber and also having spaced arms sliding relatively to said first spaced arms and also carrying vehicle attaching means, said sliding member also having a rod projecting into said casing, a pair of disks carried by said red, one a loosely fitting disk for closing the lower end of said chamber, and a volute pyramidal spring between said disks.

9. A shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and provided with a pair of spaced arms, a piston within said chamber and also having a pair of spaced arms, each pair of arms carrying means for attaching the device to a vehicle, one of said pair of arms having an elongated slot for the passage therethrough of the.vehicle attaching means of the other pair of arms, a casing secured tosaid piston chamber member, a bolt secured to said piston and projecting into said casing, a pair of disks secured to said bolt, and a spring between said disks.

10. A shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and provided with a pair of spaced arms of concavo-convex'form, a piston within said chamber and also having a pair of spaced arms fitting within the arms of said piston chamber member, each pair of arms carrying means for attaching the device to a vehicle, said second pair of arms having an elongated slot for the passage therethrough ot' the vehicle attaching means of the other pair of arms, a casing secured to said piston chamber member, a bolt secured to said piston and projecting into said casing, a pair of disks secured to said bolt, and a spring between said disks.

.11. A shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and provided with a pair of spaced arms, a piston within said chamber and also having a pair of spaced arms, each pair of "arms carrying means for attaching the device to a vehicle, one of said pair of arms having an elongated slot for the passage therethrough of the vehicle attaching means of the other pair of arms, a casing secured to said piston chamber member, a'bolt secured to said pis ton and projecting into said casing, a pair of disks secured to said belt, a spring between said disks, and one or more valves carried by one of said disks.

12. A shock absorber comprising a member having a piston chamber and provided with a pair of spaced arms, a piston within said chamber and also having a pair of spaced arms, each pair of arms carrying means for attaching the device to a vehicle, one of said pair of arms having an elongated slot for the passage therethrough of the vehicle attaching means of the other pair of arms, acasing secured to said piston chamber member, a bolt secured to said piston and projecting into said casing, a pair of disks secured to said bolt, aspring between said disks, and one or more valvescarried by one of said disks, said valve carrying disk being of less diameter than said casing to form a fluid passage therebetween.

13. A shock absorber comprising a member having a chamber and a casing, a member sliding within said chamber and having a rod projecting into said casing, a pair of disks carried by said rod, one for closing the lower end of said chamber, a spring between said disks, and one or more valves carried by one of said disks.

14. A shockabsorber comprising a member having a chamber and a casing, a member slidingwithin said chamber and having a rod projecting into said casing, a pair of disks carried by said rod, one for closing the lower end of said chamber, a spring between said disks, and one or more valves carried by one of said disks, said valve carrying disk being of less diameter than said casing to form a fluid passage therebetween.

15. A shock absorber comprising a cylindrical member having a chamber and a pair of spaced arms provided with vehicle attaching means, a disk slidable within said chamber and also provided with a pair of spaced arms having vehicle attaching means and elongated slots for the passage of the vehicle attaching means of the cylindrical member, a rod carried by said disk, a pairof disks mounted on said rod, a volute pyramidal spring between said disks, and a housing surrounding said disks.

16. A shock absorber comprising a cylindrical member having a chamber and a pair of spaced arms provided with vehicle attaching means, a disk slidable within said chamber and also provided with a pair of spaced arms having vehicle attaching means and elongated slots for the passage of the vehicle attaching means of the cylindrical member, a rod carried by said disk, a pair of disks mounted on said rod, a spring between said disks, and a housing surrounding said disks, the disk located ad acent to one end of the device having less diameter than'said casing to form a fluid passage therebetween.

17. A shock absorber comprising a cylindrical member having a chamber and a pair of spaced arms provided with vehicle attaching means, a disk slidable within said chamber and also provided with a pair of spaced arms having vehicle attaching means and elongated slots for the passage of the vehicle attaching means of the cylindrical member, a rod carried by said disk, a pair of disks mounted on said rod, a spring between said disks, and a housing surrounding said disks, the disk located adjacent to one end of the device having less diameter than said casing to form a fluid passage therebetween,

and one or more valves carried by said disk.

18. A shock absorber comprising a cylindrical member having a chamber and a pair disks mounted on said rod, a volute pyramidal spring between said disks, and a housing surrounding said disks, the disk located adjacent to one endof the device having less diameter than said casing to form a fluid passage therebetween, and one or more valves carried by said last disk.

19. A shock absorber comprising a member having a chamber, a disk 'fitting'and sliding within said chamber and having a rod projecting therefrom, a pair of disks carried by said rod, one for closing the lower end of said chamber, a spring between said disks, andspaced arms carried by each of said members for attachment to a vehicle.

20. A shock absorber comprising a member having a chamber, a disk fitting and sliding within said chamber and having a rod projecting therefrom, a pair of disks carried by said rod, one for closing the lower end of said chamber, a spring betweengsaid disks, and spaced arms carried by eadii of said members for attachment to a vehicle, the chamber closing disk having a sliding engagement with said rod.

21. A shock absorber comprising a member having a chamber, a disk fitting and sliding within said chamber and having a rod projecting therefrom, a pair of disks carried by said rod, one for closing the lower end of said chamber, a double acting volute pyramidal spring between said disks, and spaced arms carried by each of said members for attachment to a vehicle.

22. A shock absorber con'iprising a member having means for: attaching it to one part of a'vehicle and having a piston chamber, a piston fitting and sliding within said chamber and having means for attachment to another part of the vehicle and also having a rod projecting therefrom, a spring located on said rod, means at one end of said rod for maintaining the spring on the rod, and means at the opposite end of the spring to effect cooperation between it and the piston.

23. A shock'absorber comprising a member having means for attaching it to one part of a vehicle and having a piston chamber, a piston fitting and sliding within said chamber and having gii'eans for attachment to another part of the vehicle and also having a rodprojecting therefrom in a direction opposite to the attaching means, a double acting volute pyramidal spring located on said rod and means also located on the rod at each end of said spring and cooperin a direction opposite to the projection of said arms, a pair of disks carried by said 10 bolt, and a spring between said disks, one of said disks being loosely mounted on the bolt.

JOHN GRIUV ROCK. Witnesses:

F. E. BOYCE, lVALTnR L. BAKELAR. 

